Code of Civil Procedure

CPC 1908 § 13 — When foreign judgment not conclusive

This page reproduces the English text stored for section 13 of Code of Civil Procedure. The statute citation and data status are shown below.

Statutory text (English)

A foreign judgment shall be conclusive as to any
matter thereby directly adjudicated upon between the same parties or between parties under whom
they or any of them claim litigating under the same title except—
(a) Where it has not been pronounced by a Court of competent Jurisdiction ;
(b) Where it has not been given on the merits of the case;
(c) Where it appears on the face of the proceedings to be founded on an incorrect
view of international law or a refusal to recognise the law of 2[Pakistan] in cases
in which such law is applicable;
(d) Where the proceedings in which the Judgment was obtained are opposed to
natural justice ;
(e) Where it has been obtained by fraud ;
(f) Where it sustains a claim founded on a breach of any law in force in 2[Pakistan].

Source and verification

Source citation: CPC (Act V of 1908) s.13: Pakistan Code portal consolidated official PDF 'THE CODE OF CIVIL PROCEDURE, 1908' (Act No. V of 1908; portal status 'Under Review'; reflects amendments through the CPC (Amendment) Act, 2023 incl. inserted s.159), p. 16, ingested 2026-09-15. Automated transcription from official source (pypdf extraction, audited artifact repair); human admin re-check required before production.

Verification status: verified · Text status: auto_transcribed_verified_source

The record cites an official source, but its transcription is automated or only partly checked; a human re-check is pending.

Official Urdu text status: pending_official_urdu_text. Where official Urdu wording has not been sourced, Qanoon does not substitute an unverified translation for the statutory text.

Historical text notes

1 historical record is linked to this section. Historical wording may be incomplete or pending verification; it is not presented as current law.

Date not confirmed: Consolidated current text as published in the official Pakistan Code PDF (p. 16) — reflects all amendments recorded in the official footnotes up to ingest date 2026-09-15. Automated transcription; per-amendment version…

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