CPC 1908 § Order XIV, Rule 1 — Framing of issues

Statutory text (English)

(1) Issues arise when a material proposition of fact or law is affirmed
by the one party and denied by the other.

(2) Material propositions are those propositions of law or fact which a plaintiff must allege in
order to show a right to sue or a defendant must allege in order to constitute his defence.

(3) Each material proposition affirmed by one party and denied by the other shall form the
subject of a distinct issue.

(4) Issues are of two kinds: (a) issues of fact, (b) issues of law.

(5) At the first hearing of the suit the Court shall, after reading the plaint and the written
statements if any, and after such examination of the parties as may appear necessary, ascertain upon
what material propositions of fact or of law the parties are at variance, and shall thereupon proceed to
frame and record the issues on which the right decision of the case appears to depend.

(6) Nothing in this rule requires the Court to frame and record issues where the defendant at
the first hearing of the suit makes no defence.

Source and verification

Source citation: CPC (Act V of 1908) First Schedule, Order XIV, Rule 1 (SETTLEMENT OF ISSUES AND DETERMINATION OF SUIT ON ISSUES OF LAW OR ON ISSUES AGREED UPON): Pakistan Code portal consolidated official PDF 'THE CODE OF CIVIL PROCEDURE, 1908' (First Schedule, Orders I-LI, pp. 58-185), p. 88, 89, ingested 2026-09-15. Automated transcription from official source (pypdf extraction, audited artifact repair); human admin re-check required before production.

Verification status: verified · Text status: auto_transcribed_verified_source

The record cites an official source, but its transcription is automated or only partly checked; a human re-check is pending.

Official Urdu text status: pending_official_urdu_text. Where official Urdu wording has not been sourced, Qanoon does not substitute an unverified translation for the statutory text.

Historical text notes

1 historical record is linked to this section. Historical wording may be incomplete or pending verification; it is not presented as current law.

• Date not confirmed: Consolidated current text as published in the official Pakistan Code PDF (p. 88, 89) — reflects all amendments recorded in the official footnotes up to ingest date 2026-09-15. Automated transcription; per-amendment…

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