PPC § 37 — Co-operation by doing one of several acts constituting an offence

Statutory text (English)

When an offence
is committed by means of several acts, whoever intentionally co-operates in the commission of that
offence by doing any one of those acts, either singly or jointly with any other person, commits that
offence.
Illustrations
(a) A and B agree to murder Z by severally and at different times giving him small doses
of poison. A and B administer the poison according to the agreement with intent to
murder Z. Z dies from the effects of the several doses of poison so administered to him.
Here A and B intentionally co-operate in the commission of murder and as each of them
does an act by which the death is caused, they are both guilty of the offence though
their acts are separate.
(b) A and B are joint jailors, and as such, have the charge of Z, a prisoner, alternately for
six hours at a time. A and B, intending to cause Z's death, knowingly co-operate in
causing that effect by illegally omitting, each during the time of his attendance, to
furnish Z with food supplied to them for that purpose. Z dies of hunger. Both A and B
are guilty of the murder of Z.
(c) A, a jailor, has the charge of Z, a prisoner. A intending to cause Z's death, illegally
omits to supply Z with food ; in consequence of which Z is much reduced in strength,
but the starvation is not sufficient to cause his death. A is dismissed from his office,
and B succeeds him. B, without collusion or co-operation with A, illegally omits to
supply Z with food, knowing that he is likely thereby to cause Z's death. Z dies of
hunger. B is guilty of murder, but, as A did not co-operate with B, A is guilty only of
an attempt to commit murder.

Source and verification

Source citation: PPC (Act XLV of 1860) s.37: Pakistan Code portal consolidated official PDF 'THE PAKISTAN PENAL CODE' (Act No. XLV of 1860), p. 37, ingested 2026-09-15. Automated transcription from official source (pypdf extraction, audited artifact repair); human admin re-check required before production.

Verification status: verified · Text status: auto_transcribed_verified_source

The record cites an official source, but its transcription is automated or only partly checked; a human re-check is pending.

Official Urdu text status: pending_official_urdu_text. Where official Urdu wording has not been sourced, Qanoon does not substitute an unverified translation for the statutory text.

Historical text notes

1 historical record is linked to this section. Historical wording may be incomplete or pending verification; it is not presented as current law.

• Date not confirmed: Consolidated current text as published in the official Pakistan Code PDF (p. 37) — reflects all amendments recorded in the official footnotes up to ingest date 2026-09-15. Automated transcription; per-amendment version…

Read this provision with care

This is a public reference to a stored statute record, not legal advice or a case-specific interpretation. Check the latest official gazette, applicable amendments and jurisdiction before relying on the text. A citation and verification label describe the record in this app; they cannot confirm that no later change has occurred. For a real legal matter, consult a licensed advocate.

Use the full PPC section index to compare nearby provisions, or return to search.