PPC § 91 — Exclusion of acts which are offences independently of harm caused

Statutory text (English)

The exceptions
in sections 87, 88 and 89 do not extend to acts which are offences independently of any harm which
they may cause, or be intended to cause, or be known to be likely to cause, to the person giving the
consent, or on whose behalf the consent is given.

Illustration
Causing miscarriage (unless caused in good faith for the purpose of saving the life of the
woman) is an offence independently of any harm which it may cause or be intended to cause to the
woman. Therefore, it is not an offence “by reason of such harm”, and the consent of the woman or of
her guardian to the causing of such miscarriage does not justify the act.

Source and verification

Source citation: PPC (Act XLV of 1860) s.91: Pakistan Code portal consolidated official PDF 'THE PAKISTAN PENAL CODE' (Act No. XLV of 1860), p. 47, ingested 2026-09-15. Automated transcription from official source (pypdf extraction, audited artifact repair); human admin re-check required before production.

Verification status: verified · Text status: auto_transcribed_verified_source

The record cites an official source, but its transcription is automated or only partly checked; a human re-check is pending.

Official Urdu text status: pending_official_urdu_text. Where official Urdu wording has not been sourced, Qanoon does not substitute an unverified translation for the statutory text.

Historical text notes

1 historical record is linked to this section. Historical wording may be incomplete or pending verification; it is not presented as current law.

• Date not confirmed: Consolidated current text as published in the official Pakistan Code PDF (p. 47) — reflects all amendments recorded in the official footnotes up to ingest date 2026-09-15. Automated transcription; per-amendment version…

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