PPC § 109 — Punishment of abetment if the act abetted is committed in consequence and where

Statutory text (English)

no express provision is made for its punishment. Whoever abets any offence shall, if the act abetted
is committed in consequence of the abetment, and no express provision is made by this Code for the
punishment of such abetment, be punished with the punishment provided for the offence 3[:]
4[
Provided that, except in case of Ikrah-i-Tam (اکراہ تام), the abettor of an offence referred to in
Chapter XVI shall be liable to punishment of ta’zir specified for such offence including death.].

Explanation.— An act or offence is said to be committed in consequence of abetment, when it
is committed in consequence of the instigation, or in pursuance of the conspiracy, or with the aid which
constitutes the abetment.
Illustrations
(a) A offers a bribe to B, a public servant, as a reward for showing A some favour in the
exercise of B’s official functions. B accepts the bribe. A has abetted the offence defined
in section 161.
(b) A instigates B to give false evidence. B, in consequence of the instigation commits that
offence. A is guilty of abetting that offence, and is liable to the same punishment as B.
(c) A and B conspire to poison Z. A, in pursuance of the conspiracy, procures the poison
and delivers it to B in order that he may administer it to Z. B, in pursuance of the
conspiracy, administers the poison to Z in A's absence and thereby causes Z’s death.
Here B is guilty of murder. A is guilty of abetting that offence by conspiracy, and is
liable to the punishment for murder.

Source and verification

Source citation: PPC (Act XLV of 1860) s.109: Pakistan Code portal consolidated official PDF 'THE PAKISTAN PENAL CODE' (Act No. XLV of 1860), p. 54, ingested 2026-09-15. Automated transcription from official source (pypdf extraction, audited artifact repair); human admin re-check required before production.

Verification status: verified · Text status: auto_transcribed_verified_source

The record cites an official source, but its transcription is automated or only partly checked; a human re-check is pending.

Official Urdu text status: pending_official_urdu_text. Where official Urdu wording has not been sourced, Qanoon does not substitute an unverified translation for the statutory text.

Historical text notes

1 historical record is linked to this section. Historical wording may be incomplete or pending verification; it is not presented as current law.

• Date not confirmed: Consolidated current text as published in the official Pakistan Code PDF (p. 54) — reflects all amendments recorded in the official footnotes up to ingest date 2026-09-15. Automated transcription; per-amendment version…

Read this provision with care

This is a public reference to a stored statute record, not legal advice or a case-specific interpretation. Check the latest official gazette, applicable amendments and jurisdiction before relying on the text. A citation and verification label describe the record in this app; they cannot confirm that no later change has occurred. For a real legal matter, consult a licensed advocate.

Use the full PPC section index to compare nearby provisions, or return to search.