PPC § 111 — Liability of abettor when one act abetted and different act done

Statutory text (English)

When an act is
abetted and a different act is done, the abettor is liable for the act done, in the same manner and to the
same extent as if he had directly abetted it:
Proviso.

Provided the act done was a probable consequence of the abetment, and was
committed under the influence of the instigation, or with the aid or in pursuance of the conspiracy
which constituted the abetment.
Illustrations
(a) A instigates a child to put poison into the food of Z, and gives him poison for that
purpose. The child, in consequence of the instigation, by mistake puts the poison into
the food of Y, which is by the side of that of Z. Here if the child was acting under the
influence of A's instigation, and the act done was under the circumstances a probable
consequence of the abetment, A is liable in the same manner and to the same extent as
if he had instigated the child to put the poison into the food of Y.
(b) A instigates B to burn Z's house. B sets fire to the house and at the same time commits
theft of property there. A, though guilty of abetting the burning of the house, is not
guilty of abetting the theft ; for the theft was a distinct act, and not a probable
consequence of the burning.
(c) A instigates B and C to break into an inhabited house at midnight for the purpose of
robbery, and provides them with arms for that purpose. B and C break into the house,
and being resisted by Z, one of the inmates, murder Z. Here, if that murder was the
probable consequence of the abetment, A is liable to the punishment provided for
murder.

Source and verification

Source citation: PPC (Act XLV of 1860) s.111: Pakistan Code portal consolidated official PDF 'THE PAKISTAN PENAL CODE' (Act No. XLV of 1860), p. 54, 55, ingested 2026-09-15. Automated transcription from official source (pypdf extraction, audited artifact repair); human admin re-check required before production.

Verification status: verified · Text status: auto_transcribed_verified_source

The record cites an official source, but its transcription is automated or only partly checked; a human re-check is pending.

Official Urdu text status: pending_official_urdu_text. Where official Urdu wording has not been sourced, Qanoon does not substitute an unverified translation for the statutory text.

Historical text notes

1 historical record is linked to this section. Historical wording may be incomplete or pending verification; it is not presented as current law.

• Date not confirmed: Consolidated current text as published in the official Pakistan Code PDF (p. 54, 55) — reflects all amendments recorded in the official footnotes up to ingest date 2026-09-15. Automated transcription; per-amendment…

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