PPC § 299 — Definitions

Statutory text (English)

In this Chapter, unless there is anything repugnant in the subject or
context,—
(a) “adult” means a person who has attained the age of eighteen years;
(b) “arsh” (ارش) means the compensation specified in this Chapter to be paid to the
victim or his heirs under this chapter;
(c) “authorised medical officer” means a medical officer or a Medical Board,
howsoever designated, authorised by the Provincial Government;
(d) “daman” (ضمان) means the compensation determined by the court to be paid by
the offender to the victim for causing hurt not liable to arsh (ارش) ;
(e) “diyat” (دیت ) means the compensation specified in section 323 payable to the
heirs of the victim;
2[(ee) “fasad-fil-arz” includes the past conduct of the offender or whether he has any
previous conviction or the brutal or shocking manner in which the offence has
been committed which is outrageous to the public conscience or if the offender
is considered a potential danger to the community or if the offence has been
committed in the name or on the pretext of honour;]
(f) “Government” means the Provincial Government;
(g) “ikrah-e-tam” (اکراہ تام) means putting any person, his spouse or any of his blood
relations within the prohibited degree of marriage in fear of instant death or
instant permanent impairing of any organ of the body or instant fear of being
subjected to sodomy or zina-bil-jabr;
(h) “ikrah-e-naqis” (اکراہ ناقص) means any form of duress which does not amount
to ikrah-i-tam;
(i) “minor” means a person who is not an adult;
1[(ii) “offence committed in the name or on the pretext of honour” means an offence
committed in the name or on the pretext of karo kari, siyah kari or similar other
customs or practices;]
(j) “qatl” (قتل) means causing death of a person;
(k) “qisas” (قصاص) means punishment by causing similar hurt at the same part of
the body of the convict as he has caused to the victim or by causing his death if
he has committed qatl-i-amd, in exercise of the right of the victim or a wali ;
(l) “ta’zir” (ریتعز) means punishment other than qisas (قصاص),diyat (تید),arsh
(ارش) or daman (ضمان) ; and
(m) “wali” (ولی) means a person entitled to claim qisas.

Source and verification

Source citation: PPC (Act XLV of 1860) s.299: Pakistan Code portal consolidated official PDF 'THE PAKISTAN PENAL CODE' (Act No. XLV of 1860), p. 105, 106, ingested 2026-09-15. Automated transcription from official source (pypdf extraction, audited artifact repair); human admin re-check required before production.

Verification status: verified · Text status: auto_transcribed_verified_source

The record cites an official source, but its transcription is automated or only partly checked; a human re-check is pending.

Official Urdu text status: pending_official_urdu_text. Where official Urdu wording has not been sourced, Qanoon does not substitute an unverified translation for the statutory text.

Historical text notes

1 historical record is linked to this section. Historical wording may be incomplete or pending verification; it is not presented as current law.

• Date not confirmed: Consolidated current text as published in the official Pakistan Code PDF (p. 105, 106) — reflects all amendments recorded in the official footnotes up to ingest date 2026-09-15. Automated transcription; per-amendment…

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