PPC § 415 — Cheating

Statutory text (English)

Whoever, by deceiving any person, fraudulently or dishonestly induces the
person so deceived to deliver any property to any person, or to consent that any person shall retain any
property, or intentionally induces the person so deceived to do or omit to do anything which he would
not do or omit if he were not so deceived, and which act or omission causes or is likely to cause damage
or harm to that person 1[or any other person] in body, mind, reputation or property, is said to “cheat”.

Explanation.— A dishonest concealment of facts is a deception within the meaning of this
section.
Illustrations
(a) A, by falsely pretending to be in the Civil Service, intentionally deceives Z, and
thus dishonestly induces Z to let him have on credit goods for which he does
not mean, to pay. A cheats.
(b) A, by putting a counterfeit mark on an article, intentionally deceives Z into a
belief that this article was made by a certain celebrated manufacturer, and thus
dishonestly induces Z to buy and pay for the article. A cheats.
(c) A, by exhibiting to Z a false sample of an article, intentionally deceives Z into
believing that the article corresponds with the sample, and thereby dishonestly
induces Z to buy and pay for the article. A cheats.
(d) A, by tendering in payment for an article a bill on a house with which A keeps
no money, and by which A expects that the bill will be dishonoured,
intentionally deceives Z, and thereby dishonestly induces Z to deliver the article,
intending not to pay for it. A cheats.
(e) A, by pleading as diamonds articles, which he knows are not diamonds
intentionally deceives Z, and thereby dishonestly induces Z to lend money. A
cheats.
(f) A, intentionally deceives Z into a belief that A means to repay any money that
Z may lend to him and thereby dishonestly induces Z to lend him money, A not
intending to repay it. A cheats.
(g) A intentionally deceives Z into a belief that A means to deliver to Z a certain
quantity of indigo plant which he does no tintend to deliver, and thereby
dishonestly induces Z to advance money upon the faith of such delivery. A
cheats ; but if A, at the time of obtaining the money, intends to deliver the indigo
plant, and afterwards breaks his contract and does not deliver it, he does not
cheat, but is liable only to a civil action for breach of contract.
(h) A intentionally deceives Z into a belief that A has performed A’s part of a
contract made with Z, which he has not performed, and thereby dishonestly
induces Z to pay money. A cheats.
(i) A sells and conveys an estate to B. A, knowing that in consequence of such sale
he has no right to the property, sells or mortgages the same to Z, without
disclosing the fact of the previous sale and conveyance to B, and receives the
purchase or mortgage money from Z. A cheats.

Source and verification

Source citation: PPC (Act XLV of 1860) s.415: Pakistan Code portal consolidated official PDF 'THE PAKISTAN PENAL CODE' (Act No. XLV of 1860), p. 145, 146, ingested 2026-09-15. Automated transcription from official source (pypdf extraction, audited artifact repair); human admin re-check required before production.

Verification status: verified · Text status: auto_transcribed_verified_source

The record cites an official source, but its transcription is automated or only partly checked; a human re-check is pending.

Official Urdu text status: pending_official_urdu_text. Where official Urdu wording has not been sourced, Qanoon does not substitute an unverified translation for the statutory text.

Historical text notes

1 historical record is linked to this section. Historical wording may be incomplete or pending verification; it is not presented as current law.

• Date not confirmed: Consolidated current text as published in the official Pakistan Code PDF (p. 145, 146) — reflects all amendments recorded in the official footnotes up to ingest date 2026-09-15. Automated transcription; per-amendment…

Read this provision with care

This is a public reference to a stored statute record, not legal advice or a case-specific interpretation. Check the latest official gazette, applicable amendments and jurisdiction before relying on the text. A citation and verification label describe the record in this app; they cannot confirm that no later change has occurred. For a real legal matter, consult a licensed advocate.

Use the full PPC section index to compare nearby provisions, or return to search.