QSO 1984 § Article 61 — Opinion as to hand-writing when relevant

Statutory text (English)

When the Court has to form an opinion as to the
person by whom any document was written or signed, the opinion of any parson acquainted with the
hand-writing of the person by whom it is supposed to be written or signed that it was or it was not
written or signed by that person, is a relevant fact.

Explanation.— A person is said to be acquainted with the hand-writing of another person when
he has seen that person write, or when he has received documents purporting to be written by that
person in answer to documents written by himself or under his authority and addressed to that person,
or when, in the ordinary course of business, documents purporting to be written by that person have
been habitually submitted to him.
Illustrations
The question is, whether a given letter is in the handwriting of A, a merchant in London.
B is a merchant in Peshawar, who has written letters addressed to A and received letters
purporting to be written by him, C is B's clerk, whose duty it was to examine and file B’s
correspondence. D is B's broker, to whom B habitually submitted the letters purporting to
be written by A for the purpose of advising him thereon.
The opinion of B, C and D on the question whether the letter is in the handwriting of A
are relevant, though neither B, C or D ever saw A write.

Source and verification

Source citation: Qanun-e-Shahadat Order, 1984 (P.O. No. X of 1984) Art. 61: Pakistan Code portal consolidated official PDF 'THE QANUN-E-SHAHADAT ORDER 1984 (LAW OF EVIDENCE)' (P.O. No. X of 1984, last amended 2017-02-16 incl. Act No. IV of 2017), p. 37, ingested 2026-09-15. Automated transcription from official source (pypdf extraction, audited artifact repair); human admin re-check required before production.

Verification status: verified · Text status: auto_transcribed_verified_source

The record cites an official source, but its transcription is automated or only partly checked; a human re-check is pending.

Official Urdu text status: pending_official_urdu_text. Where official Urdu wording has not been sourced, Qanoon does not substitute an unverified translation for the statutory text.

Historical text notes

1 historical record is linked to this section. Historical wording may be incomplete or pending verification; it is not presented as current law.

• Date not confirmed: Consolidated current text as published in the official Pakistan Code PDF (p. 37) — reflects all amendments recorded in the official footnotes up to ingest date 2026-09-15. Automated transcription; per-amendment version…

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