QSO 1984 § Article 100 — Presumption as to documents thirty years old

Statutory text (English)

Where any document, purporting or
proved to be thirty years old, is produced from any custody which the Court in the particular case
considers proper, the Court may presume that the signature and every other part of such document,
which purports to be in the handwriting of any particular person, is in that person's handwriting, and
in the case of a document executed or attested, that it was duly executed and attested by the persons
by whom it purports to be executed and attested.

Explanation.— For the purposes of this Article and Article 92, documents are said to be in proper
custody if they are in the place in which, and under the care of the person with whom, they would
naturally be; but no custody is improper if it is proved to have had a legitimate origin, or if the
circumstances of the particular case are such as to render such an origin probable.
Illustrations
(a) A has been in possession of landed property for a long time. He produces from his custody
deeds relating to the land, showing his titles to it. The custody is proper.
(b) A produces deeds relating to landed property of which he is the mortgagee. The mortgagor
is in possession. The custody is proper.
(c) A, a connection of B, produces deeds relating to lands in B’s possession which were
deposited with him by B for safe custody. The custody is proper.

Source and verification

Source citation: Qanun-e-Shahadat Order, 1984 (P.O. No. X of 1984) Art. 100: Pakistan Code portal consolidated official PDF 'THE QANUN-E-SHAHADAT ORDER 1984 (LAW OF EVIDENCE)' (P.O. No. X of 1984, last amended 2017-02-16 incl. Act No. IV of 2017), p. 47, ingested 2026-09-15. Automated transcription from official source (pypdf extraction, audited artifact repair); human admin re-check required before production.

Verification status: verified · Text status: auto_transcribed_verified_source

The record cites an official source, but its transcription is automated or only partly checked; a human re-check is pending.

Official Urdu text status: pending_official_urdu_text. Where official Urdu wording has not been sourced, Qanoon does not substitute an unverified translation for the statutory text.

Historical text notes

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• Date not confirmed: Consolidated current text as published in the official Pakistan Code PDF (p. 47) — reflects all amendments recorded in the official footnotes up to ingest date 2026-09-15. Automated transcription; per-amendment version…

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