Qanoon Pakistan Law Reference

Qanun-e-Shahadat Order, 1984

QSO 1984 § Article 114 — Estoppel

This page reproduces the English text stored for section Article 114 of Qanun-e-Shahadat Order, 1984. The statute citation and data status are shown below.

Statutory text (English)

When one person has, by his declaration, act or omission, intentionally caused or
permitted another person to believe a thing to be true and to act upon such belief, neither he nor his
representative shall be allowed, in any suit or proceeding between himself and such person or his
representative, to deny the truth of that thing.
Illustrations
A intentionally and falsely leads B to believe that certain land belongs to A, and thereby induces
B to buy and pay for it.
The land afterwards becomes the property of A, and A seeks to set aside the sale on the ground
that, at the time of the sale, he had no title. He must not be allowed to prove his want of title.

Source and verification

Source citation: Qanun-e-Shahadat Order, 1984 (P.O. No. X of 1984) Art. 114: Pakistan Code portal consolidated official PDF 'THE QANUN-E-SHAHADAT ORDER 1984 (LAW OF EVIDENCE)' (P.O. No. X of 1984, last amended 2017-02-16 incl. Act No. IV of 2017), p. 53, ingested 2026-09-15. Automated transcription from official source (pypdf extraction, audited artifact repair); human admin re-check required before production.

Verification status: verified · Text status: auto_transcribed_verified_source

The record cites an official source, but its transcription is automated or only partly checked; a human re-check is pending.

Official Urdu text status: pending_official_urdu_text. Where official Urdu wording has not been sourced, Qanoon does not substitute an unverified translation for the statutory text.

Historical text notes

1 historical record is linked to this section. Historical wording may be incomplete or pending verification; it is not presented as current law.

  • Date not confirmed: Consolidated current text as published in the official Pakistan Code PDF (p. 53) — reflects all amendments recorded in the official footnotes up to ingest date 2026-09-15. Automated transcription; per-amendment version…

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