PPC § 28 — “Counterfeit”

Statutory text (English)

A person is said to “counterfeit” who causes one thing to resemble
another thing, intending by means of that resemblance to practice deception, or knowing it to be likely
that deception will thereby be practised.
1[
Explanation 1.— It is not essential to counterfeiting that the imitation should be exact.

Explanation 2.— When a person causes one thing to resemble another thing, and the
resemblance is such that a person might be deceived thereby, it shall be presumed, until the contrary
is proved, that the person so causing the one thing to resemble the other thing intended by means of
that resemblance to practice deception or knew it to be likely that deception would thereby be
practised.]

Source and verification

Source citation: PPC (Act XLV of 1860) s.28: Pakistan Code portal consolidated official PDF 'THE PAKISTAN PENAL CODE' (Act No. XLV of 1860), p. 35, ingested 2026-09-15. Automated transcription from official source (pypdf extraction, audited artifact repair); human admin re-check required before production.

Verification status: verified · Text status: auto_transcribed_verified_source

The record cites an official source, but its transcription is automated or only partly checked; a human re-check is pending.

Official Urdu text status: pending_official_urdu_text. Where official Urdu wording has not been sourced, Qanoon does not substitute an unverified translation for the statutory text.

Historical text notes

1 historical record is linked to this section. Historical wording may be incomplete or pending verification; it is not presented as current law.

• Date not confirmed: Consolidated current text as published in the official Pakistan Code PDF (p. 35) — reflects all amendments recorded in the official footnotes up to ingest date 2026-09-15. Automated transcription; per-amendment version…

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