PPC § 29 — “Document”

Statutory text (English)

The word “document” denotes any matter expressed or described upon
any substance by means of letters, figures or marks, or by more than one of those means, intended to
be used, or which may be used, as evidence of that matter.

Explanation 1.— It is immaterial by what means or upon what substance the letters, figures or
marks are formed, or whether the evidence is intended for, or may be used in, a Court of Justice, or
not.
Illustrations
A writing expressing the terms of a contract, which may be used as evidence of the contract, is
a document.
A cheque upon a banker is a document.
A Power-of-Attorney is a document.
A map or plan which is intended to be used or which may be used as evidence, is a document.
A writing containing directions or instructions is a document.

Explanation 2.— Whatever is expressed by means of letters, figures or mark sas explained by
mercantile or other usage, shall be deemed to be expressed by such letters, figures or marks within the
meaning of this section, although the same may not be actually expressed.

Illustration
A writes his name on the back of a bill of exchange payable to his order. The meaning of the
endorsement, as explained by mercantile usage, is that the bill is to be paid to the holder. The
endorsement is a document, and must be construed in the same manner as if the words "pay to the
holder" or words to that effect had been written over the signature.

Source and verification

Source citation: PPC (Act XLV of 1860) s.29: Pakistan Code portal consolidated official PDF 'THE PAKISTAN PENAL CODE' (Act No. XLV of 1860), p. 35, 36, ingested 2026-09-15. Automated transcription from official source (pypdf extraction, audited artifact repair); human admin re-check required before production.

Verification status: verified · Text status: auto_transcribed_verified_source

The record cites an official source, but its transcription is automated or only partly checked; a human re-check is pending.

Official Urdu text status: pending_official_urdu_text. Where official Urdu wording has not been sourced, Qanoon does not substitute an unverified translation for the statutory text.

Historical text notes

1 historical record is linked to this section. Historical wording may be incomplete or pending verification; it is not presented as current law.

• Date not confirmed: Consolidated current text as published in the official Pakistan Code PDF (p. 35, 36) — reflects all amendments recorded in the official footnotes up to ingest date 2026-09-15. Automated transcription; per-amendment…

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