Qanun-e-Shahadat Order, 1984

QSO 1984 § Article 161 — Judge's power to put questions or order production

This page reproduces the English text stored for section Article 161 of Qanun-e-Shahadat Order, 1984. The statute citation and data status are shown below.

Statutory text (English)

The Judge may, in order to discover
or to obtain proper proof of relevant facts, ask any question he pleases, in any form, at any time, of
any witness, or of the parties about any fact relevant or irrelevant; and may order the production of
any document or thing; and neither the parties nor their agents shall be entitled to make any objection
to any such question or order, nor, without the leave of the Court, to cross-examine any witness upon
any answer given in reply to any such question:

Provided that the judgment must be based upon facts declared by this Order to be relevant, and duly
proved:

Provided also that this Article shall not authorise any Judge to compel any witness to answer any question
or to produce any document which such witness would be entitled to refuse to answer or produce under
Articles 4 to 14, both inclusive, if the question were asked or the document were called for by the adverse
party; nor shall the judge ask any question which it would be improper for any other person to ask under
Article 143 or 144; nor shall be dispense with primary evidence of any document, except in the cases
hereinbefore excepted.

Source and verification

Source citation: Qanun-e-Shahadat Order, 1984 (P.O. No. X of 1984) Art. 161: Pakistan Code portal consolidated official PDF 'THE QANUN-E-SHAHADAT ORDER 1984 (LAW OF EVIDENCE)' (P.O. No. X of 1984, last amended 2017-02-16 incl. Act No. IV of 2017), p. 66, 67, ingested 2026-09-15. Automated transcription from official source (pypdf extraction, audited artifact repair); human admin re-check required before production.

Verification status: verified · Text status: auto_transcribed_verified_source

The record cites an official source, but its transcription is automated or only partly checked; a human re-check is pending.

Official Urdu text status: pending_official_urdu_text. Where official Urdu wording has not been sourced, Qanoon does not substitute an unverified translation for the statutory text.

Historical text notes

1 historical record is linked to this section. Historical wording may be incomplete or pending verification; it is not presented as current law.

Date not confirmed: Consolidated current text as published in the official Pakistan Code PDF (p. 66, 67) — reflects all amendments recorded in the official footnotes up to ingest date 2026-09-15. Automated transcription; per-amendment…

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